Early and accurate detection of neurological diseases remains one of the most pressing challenges in modern medicine. Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) often present with subtle symptoms in their initial stages, making early diagnosis difficult and delaying timely interventions.

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with numerous subtypes and varying patient responses to treatment. Among these, hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer is the most common, often presenting as locally advanced or metastatic disease. For patients with tumors harboring mutations in the PIK3CA gene, resistance to standard hormone therapy can lead to poorer outcomes.